Vaccine may eliminate need for routine colon screenings
July 29th, 2009 by Jennifer Walker-Journey
Clinical trials of a vaccine designed to trigger the body to attack a protein linked to colon cancer are currently being conducted by scientists at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine. The vaccine activates the immune system to target a defective protein which is prevalent in colorectal cancer tissue and other precancerous tissues. Researchers hope, if proven successful, the vaccine may eliminate the need for repeated colon screenings in high-risk patients. These patients tend to have multiple precancerous polyps, called advanced adenomas, in their intestines. Routine colonoscopies look for signs of recurrence of the polyps.
Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer diagnosed in both men and women and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among men and women combined in the United States, according to the American Cancer Society. The lifetime risk of developing colorectal cancer is about 1 in 19. Currently, the best defense against colorectal cancer is routine colonoscopies.
While colonoscopies carry few risks, the elderly do experience a higher percentage of complications from the procedure. Preparing for the colonoscopy may also present problems for some patients. Earlier this year the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) placed a black box warning – its strongest warning possible – on prescription oral sodium phosphate (OSP) products used to cleanse the bowel prior to colonoscopy, Visicol and Osmo Prep. The products have been associated with a rare kidney injury known as acute phosphate nephropathy.
The same concern was placed on over-the-counter OSP products such as those made by Fleet. The FDA warning prompted Fleet to remove its OSP products from store shelves.